ATAD1 and malaria: Genetic polymorphism within the csp gene have been investigated in most human malaria species including P. falciparum [11, 12], P. vivax [13, 14], P. malariae [15, 16], and P. knowlesi [17], but not in P. ovale. MSP1 is one of the predominant antigen expressed in the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium spp.