The allele frequency in the Canadian, Spanish and Austrian populations combined is 0.04% for MS patients (5/6,252) and 0.01% for healthy controls (1/3,877), suggesting that individuals with the NCOA3 p.Arg485Cys substitution have a 3.1-fold increased risk of developing MS (95% CI = 0.36–26.56). The gene discussed is NCOA3; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.