The activation of the inflammasome has been proposed as a mechanism of autoimmunity in MS patients [156], a hypothesis that is supported by rare variants in inflammasome components NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP5 and NLRP9 which were identified in MS families, or found to correlate with disease course and severity [8, 11, 54, 56]. Here, NLRP9 is linked to Autoimmunity.