TNF and schizophrenia: SERPINA3 mRNA was increased by 414% (F = 21.49, df = 1,52, p < 0.0001; Fig. 1a) in schizophrenia cases relative to controls and TNFα mRNA was increased by 132% (F = 3.90, df = 1,53, p = 0.050) in cases compared with controls (Fig. 1b).