Several growth factors, cell differentiation, cellular adhesion, molecules and transcription factors were expressed 14 days in the apical periodontitis area upon LPS inoculation: Tgfbr1, Igl1r, Vegfa, Ctsk, Mmp9, Nfkb1, Smad3, Sox9, Cd36, Icam1 and Vcam1. Vascular endothelial growth factors (Vegf) and their receptors control vasculogenesis and are also involved in bone resorption in apical periodontitis.3 This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and periodontitis.