Apart from vasculogenesis, it has been speculated that immune cells communicate with each other and with endothelial cells in human apical periodontitis through VEGF since clustered ELA2, CD68, CD3 and CD19 immune cells are VEGFA, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and VEGFD positive.3 The gene discussed is VEGFD; the disease is periapical periodontitis.