TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: As a result, during long term obesity more and more hypertrophic adipocytes die leading to a marked loss of the visceral adipose tissue size and to relocation of its lipid depots to other tissues, such as liver, where the lipid accumulation promoted by TNFα-mediated upregulation of hepatic fatty acid translocase leads to hepatic steatosis27,28.