Our study showed that hyperglycemia results in enhanced expression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein, while BDNF overexpression inhibits the increased expression of HMGB1 in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, suggesting a possible role of HMGB1 in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of BDNF (Fig. 5). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Hyperglycemia.