Further, in the hippocampus of STZ-treated mice we also detected increased protein expression of phosphorylated NF-κB, which is at the hub of controlling immunity and inflammation, suggesting that activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway may be the culprit for hyperglycemia-induced inflammation in the hippocampus. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Hyperglycemia.