Upon infection of the host cell by the Qβ virus, the β subunit hijacks these three subunits of the bacteria creating the replicase holoenzyme using the S1 subunit, EF-Tu, and EF-Ts as its coenzymes with the replicase becoming the β subunit, and the S1, EF-Tu, and EF-Ts becoming the α, γ, and δ subunits, respectively. Here, PSMD1 is linked to infection.