IL4 and cholesteryl ester measurement: Six out of the 15 dogs with detectable IL-4 concentrations in the confirmed CE group had IL-4 to IL-10 ratios that exceeded the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean of the non-GI causes group (non-GI causes group: 95% CI of IL-4:IL-10 = 0.64–2.71; confirmed CE group: IL-4:IL-10 in 6 dogs = mean 22.40, range 2.77–89.11, Fig. 3).