While modern insulin analogues [22, 23], rt-CGM [24] and hybrid closed-loop systems [25] all contribute to reducing hypoglycaemia in pregnancy, optimising hyperglycaemia requires early prandial bolus insulin (30–45 min before meals in late gestation) [26] and meticulous attention to dietary intake for meals and snacks [27]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hyperglycemia.