Together, preclinical study results from in vivo RCC mouse model (Fig. 6a-e) were in agreement with in vitro cell lines data illustrating ATP-OE-P2RX6 could enhance RCC metastasis via altering the ATP-P2RX6-Ca2+ p-ERK1/2-MMP9 signaling. Here, MAPK3 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.