AKT1 and atherosclerosis: Thus, the reduction of the Akt protein to a single isoform suppressed monocyte and macrophage viability, which significantly diminished early atherosclerosis, and the loss of two Akt isoforms markedly compromised cell survival, with higher levels of resistance to apoptosis in macrophages expressing Akt1 compared to cells with the Akt3 isoform [91].