In a study of Han Chinese children, ranging in age from 1 month to 2.5 years and exhibiting a spectrum of CHD including VSD, ASD and ToF, a significant association was identified with a SNP located within the lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) [104]. This evidence concerns the gene MALAT1 and ventricular septal defect.