In addition to sensitizing myeloid leukemia cells to chemotherapy- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing [68], miR-181a was also shown to contribute to the Warburg effect by repressing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), thereby triggering a metabolic shift towards increased lactate production and CRC growth [69]. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is myeloid leukemia.