The importance of VDAC1 in the context of apoptosis versus survival is illustrated by the findings that VDAC1 expression is linked to chemo-resistance in patients: a truncated but still channel-forming, active VDAC1-ΔC [57] was detected in tumor tissues of late-stage and chemotherapy-resistant lung adenocarcinoma patients [58,59]. Here, VDAC1 is linked to neoplasm.