Low-grade inflammation is characterized by high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (e.g., IL-6), and infiltration of macrophages in insulin-dependent tissues, which may lead to IR and, subsequently, to T2D [16,17]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.