As observed in ganglion neurons of zoster patients, VZV infection elicits dramatic changes in the DRG xenograft cytokine milieu, including increased production of cytokines associated with neuroinflammatory responses (MCP-1/CCL2, IL-1α, RANTES and IP10/CXCL10) [64]. Here, CXCL10 is linked to herpes zoster.