TNF and Anorexia: However, additional experimental evidence does not support this scenario by showing that LPS, certain cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α) and dietary lipids sets, in fact, a pathological state known as sickness-associated anorexia [16,39], which actively induces IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus of the hypothalamus [40].