The penalization method included the following variables in the predictive model: sex (HR = 1.07), age at diagnosis (HR = 0.97), tremor-predominant PD (HR = 0.88), beta-blockers (HR = 0.95), alcohol consumption (HR = 0.999998), time from diagnosis to initiation of levodopa treatment (HR = 1.15), CAT rs1001179 (HR = 1.27), SOD2 rs4880 (HR = 0.95), NOS1 rs2293054 (HR = 0.99), COMT rs165815 (HR = 0.92), and SLC22A1 rs628031 (HR = 0.80) (Figure 1D and Table 6). Here, NOS1 is linked to Parkinson disease.