A pilot study used CyTOF to examine extended phenotypes in 5 melanoma patients (16), and in our own pilot study of 27 stage IV melanoma patients we were unable to identify an extended phenotype that correlated with overall survival better than the basic M-MDSC phenotype CD14+CD11c+HLA-DR−/lo, despite including over 30 markers (17). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and melanoma.