<b>Results:</b> a fixed-effects meta-analysis of all 18 studies, including 1,057 unique participants, indicated that patients with epilepsy had significantly increased peripheral blood levels of S100B compared to controls (Hedges <i>g</i> = 1.568, 95% CI =1.431-1.706, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is epilepsy.