ESR1 and neoplasm: Differences in the relationship between SNP309G and risk association in certain cancers may be explained by the finding that an activated estrogen receptor signaling pathway allows for the G allele to accelerate tumor formation in sporadic cancers (Bond et al., 2006a; Bond and Levine, 2007) and the observation of gender-specific differences in tumor onset in Li–Fraumeni individuals (Atwal et al., 2008).