Specific inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), have both been considered potential contributors to the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the development of malignant ventricular arrhythmia and atrial arrhythmias, such as AF [16, 17]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is atrial fibrillation.