PDCD1 and neoplasm: To test the research hypothesis that DNA vaccination and CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade may have complementary effects leading to a better control of tumor growth, mice were injected with B16F10-OVA tumor cells and received each individual treatment (plasmid encoding ovalbumin or gp100, pIL12 immune adjuvant and CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade antibodies) or a combination of them.