By contrast, administration of all Ad5 vectors via AE/IM increased numbers of CD4 (p < 0.02) and CD8 T (p < 0.01) cells in the BAL (Supplementary Fig. 1a, c, bar graphs), consistent with prior studies using AE delivery of other Ad5 vaccines.32 Of note, Ad5 immunization preferentially increased CD8 T-cell responses, dramatically altering the proportion of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the BAL (Supplementary Fig. 1b, d, pie charts, p < 0.006 for 3 of the 4 Ad(TB) vaccines, Ad5(4Ag) is not significantly different from pre-vaccination). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is tuberculosis.