The simultaneous expression of IDO1 and TRAIL in IFN-γ-primed AFMSCs suggested a paradoxical role with IFN-γ-primed AFMSCs indirectly promoting tumor progression in vivo through immunosuppression and, on the other hand, directly inducing apoptosis in target cells, as demonstrated by coculture experiments in vitro. Here, TNFSF10 is linked to neoplasm.