TNF and Parkinson disease: The major study findings were that treatment with CBP: (a) significantly improved motor (rotarod) and non‐motor (colonic motility; GI transit) function in PD animal; (b) significantly reduced the amount of dopaminergic (TH) cell loss in the SNpc; (c) significantly reduced activation of immune cells (MHCII) and reduced expression of TNF‐α in both brain and gut tissues; and (d) significantly decreased populations of inflammatory gut microbiota.