HbS is inherited in an autosomal recessive way and SCD can occur due to homozygosity for HbS (HbSS), a condition also known as sickle cell anemia (SCA), or due to compound heterozygosity with ß-thalassemia mutations (HbS/ß0-thalassemia and HbS/ß+-thalassemia, previously known as microdrepanocytic disease and first described by Silvestroni and Bianco in 1944 [2]), and other ß-globin structural variants such as HbC (HbSC disease) [1]. The gene discussed is KRT88P; the disease is sickle cell disease.