In epilepsy, neural injuries in the CNS are observed in rats and this is augmented by upregulation of PICs (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) in glial cells.29, 33 Additionally, neuronal degeneration is detected as a result of increases of PICs.34, 35 For example, IL‐1β increases seizure susceptibility in rat brains.36 Intracerebral injection of IL‐1β leads to limbic seizures in wild‐type mice, but not in transgenic mice with deficient IL‐1β receptors.37 Furthermore, after thalidomide is used to decrease the levels of TNF‐α, antiepileptic activity is seen after thalidomide.38 This evidence concerns the gene TNF and epilepsy.