TNF and allergic rhinitis: The anti-inflammatory effects of TQ in a rat model of allergic rhinitis were examined; it was indicated that TQ treatment (3 and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), for 21 days) decreased interleukin (IL)-4 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β.