Aberrant expression or mutation of multiple genes have been associated with ALS, with chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), NIMA-related kinase 1 (NEK1), FUS RNA binding protein (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) collectively being amongst the most common genes in the familial fraction of ALS cases. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.