AKT1 and Insulin resistance: Although a clear molecular understanding behind insulin resistance and cognitive impairment is not known, various mechanisms such as defects in the neuronal plasticity and increased inflammation due to altered PI3K/AKT/GSK-3 signaling have been described based on animal models and epidemiological data (Calvo-Ochoa and Arias, 2015; Neergaard et al., 2017).