Since our initial intracranial study (Fig. 6a) demonstrated a significant increase in survival when D2C7-IT was used in combination with αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 antibodies, and glioblastomas are known to express additional checkpoint inhibitors including PD-L1/Tim-3/Lag-3/CD73 [16, 23, 32] we extended our analysis to include blockade of these immune checkpoint inhibitors as possible therapeutic agents. Here, NT5E is linked to glioblastoma.