ALB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: After further adjustment for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, COPD, coronary heart disease, preoperative analgesic use, and hemoglobin and albumin level (model 2), CSD remained associated with a higher transfusion rate (RR = 1.690, 95% CI 1.445–1.978, P < 0.001) and a longer PLOS (B = 0.931, 95% CI 0.750–1.112, P < 0.001; B′ = 0.122).