CD4 and infection: The significant association between low CD4+ count and infection with Cryptosporidium species in the present study is consistent with that reported from Saudi Arabia, where a significantly higher rate of infection with Cryptosporidiumspecies was found among HD patients with CD4+ counts of < 500 cells/μl compared to those with CD4+ counts of > 500 cells/μl (66.7% vs. 29.6%) [39].