NPPB and hydrops fetalis: According to ESC guidelines, there are four diagnostic criteria for HFpEF: the presence of HF symptoms and signs (dyspnea, orthopnea, cough), a LVEF of >50% (with the remark that patients with a LVEF 40%–49% may be classified as HFmrEF and included in clinical trials as HFpEF), increased levels of NPs (B-type natriuretic peptide: BNP > 35 pg/mL and/or N-terminal-Pro-BNP: NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL) and imagistic evidence of structural heart disease, including LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and/or left atrial (LA) enlargement.