INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In 2001, Burge et al. [25] withdrew insulin in male and female patients (n = 10) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and hypohydrated them via fluid restriction (750 mL per 24 h) and both oral and intravenous diuretics, losing on average ~4.1% of their body mass compared to a euhydrated control arm.