APAF1 and lung cancer: In nude mice-transplanted tumors, PUMA plays a critical role in the taurine action against lung cancer and may signify a novel target for gene therapy in lung cancer [45].Taurine prevented nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death in murine RAW264.7 macrophages [46] and myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis by preventing the assembly of the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosome [47].