When we studied the association between ART initiation policy and per cent change in new HIV infection rates, we observed that earlier treatment initiation at CD4 counts ≤ 500 cells/μL was associated with a decline in new HIV infections but initiation irrespective of CD4 cell count was not associated with a decline when compared with initiation at CD4 counts ≤ 350 cells/μL. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV infectious disease.