Interestingly, TGF-β signaling in tumor growth is compartment-specific and induces a “Warburg-like” metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts that fuels tumor growth; a similar metabolic shift toward glycolysis is also observed in human chondrocytes and plays important role in maintaining cartilage homeostasis (127, 128). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.