Although both GM-CSF+IL-4 propagated tolDCs, and to a lesser extent also GM-CSF tolDCSs, were shown to prevent diabetes, comparison of unloaded GM-CSF/IL-4 vs. GM-CSF/IL-10 vs. GM-CSF alone-cultured tolDCs carried out by Tai et al. documented diabetes-preventive effect only for GM-CSF+IL-10 cultured tolDCs (39). Here, IL4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.