PARP1 and ischemia: Although pharmacological PARP inhibition has yielded promising results for neuroprotection in animal models of ischemia, traumatic brain injury, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (Plaschke et al., 2000; LaPlaca et al., 2001; Obrosova et al., 2008; Lupachyk et al., 2011; Brederson et al., 2012; Ta et al., 2013), findings from the current study demonstrate that BGP-15 treatment alone and in combination with 5-FU induces colonic inflammation at all time points.