PON1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Modification of body fat distribution, characterized by a rapid shift from “healthy” subcutaneous to “unhealthy” visceral sites, is also typically associated with menopause.(4,37,38) Obesity and visceral obesity have been found to be inversely associated with PON1 activities in some,(39–41) but not all,(8,17,42) studies on general population.