INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that is caused by deficiencies in insulin production, which are the consequence of the exhaustion of pancreatic beta cell function after insulin resistance has been established.(3) Data from the World Health Organization indicate that about 382 million people worldwide had T2DM in 2013 and that about 592 million people will have T2DM by 2035.