Moreover, this finding suggests that excess intake of carbohydrate-rich diets may relate to GLP-1 secretion impairment in T2DM, which has shown by several groups.(42,43) However, GLP-1 secretion was compromised in TLR4 knockout mice, suggesting that GLP-1 is not crucial for insulin resistance. Here, TLR4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.