TNF and leukemia: Kumar’s study in cultured human leukemia Jurkat T cells showed that high glucose exist dose-response effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines production.(33) Other evidences also have indicated that higher blood glucose leads to macrophage infiltration as well as overexpression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α in lymphocyte, liver and other tissues.(34–36) Moreover, plasma levels of these cytokines at the time point of 1 week after high glucose administration did not elevate, and there were not significant difference with control mice.