At the 30th day post-infection L. amazonensis, the effects of intrathecal (i.t.)treatments with neutralizing antibody anti-CX3CL1, etanercept (soluble TNFR2 receptor), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on infection-induced hyperalgesia and paw edema were assessed. Here, CX3CL1 is linked to infection.