Recent data demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory and hyperalgesic cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) synergize to maintain the L. amazonensis infection-driven hyperalgesic state in the spinal cord [2], which supports the role of spinal cord neuroinflammation in leishmaniasis-induced pain. Here, TNF is linked to leishmaniasis.