Unadjusted univariate analyses showed that factors significantly associated with composite 90-day postoperative major complication rates included patient age; body mass index; logistic EuroSCORE; sCr concentration; eGFR; hematocrit; concentrations of total bilirubin, serum albumin, uric acid, and C-reactive protein; left ventricular ejection fraction; congestive heart failure; peripheral vascular disease; liver disease; dyslipidemia; current smoker; and preoperative use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and of diuretics and insulin. This evidence concerns the gene INS and congestive heart failure.