ELN and medical procedure: In response to chronic liver injury, quiescent HSCs are activated to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, which are capable of the expression and secretion of almost all the connective tissue elements (collagens, elastin, structural glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronan) representing the matrix of the fibrotic liver, the release of vitamin A, and the acquisition of contractility [32,33].