PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma: Recently, the combination of checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in the phase III Checkmate 214 study (NCT02210117) in advanced RCC demonstrated the statistically significant improvement of overall response rate (ORR) compared to the standard of care with sunitinib in first line therapy in intermediate and poor risk patients [36].