CD40 and carcinoma: Furthermore, the expression of CD40 has been documented in many other carcinomas, such as melanomas [26], hepatocellular carcinomas [27] thyroid [28], bladder [29], colon [30], esophageal squamous cell [31], ovarian [32], gastric [33], cervical [34], breast and pancreatic cancer [35], as well as in the vast majority of hematological malignancies [36,37].