Other factors associated with diabetes and obesity including ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein/ very low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) were largely unchanged. Here, RETN is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.